Advanced construction techniques in civil engineering

Modern(Advanced) Construction Techniques,


Designs of man-made structures are more complex than ever before, and they are getting no-simpler. Requirements are increasing. Human tendency to compare the previous project with the future one is just one of the reasons. Other reasons for pushing the construction engineering off limits, include increasing population, use of newly developed materials together with software developments, which allow us to design these complex structures. The engineering techniques required for the implementation of designs are highly specific in nature and vary from design to design. Look alone at the simple construction of pavement designs. Here, the performance of the pavement is largely dependent on the sub grade and base layers. Durability and stability of the pavement are decided by the ability of the sub base layers to provide strength and modulus in the moist and underground conditions.

Since the top most layer is usually the one facing the largest stress and hence coated with premium materials, the foundation must be uniform and stiff to support them. Engineering constructions have grown to become highly sophisticated and organized in nature. One of the prominent reasons is the concern for the safety of human life. In the simple case of pavement engineering itself, there are various ways to measure the quality of construction. One of them is Ride Quality parameter which measures the ride quality on the pavement. Non-destructive testing techniques include Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and Falling Weight Deflectometers (FWD).

We prepared and published this seminar abstract for final year engineering students seminar research. You should do your own research additional to this information before presenting your seminar.

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Careers and Courses for Eco Build

Learning about green building techniques, and ways to make construction more environmentally friendly, are becoming much more common and easily available through a series of courses and workshops across the KENYA .

As many people in all walks of life and professions are waking up to the call to be more environmental focused, experts and professionals are encouraging everyone to green both their life, and their business.

In the field of architecture, design and construction, techniques to make a design and the finished building more environmentally friendly have been known for many years, and through research into the history of design, these techniques can be shared and made examples of.

Taking Courses in Green Building

Deciding to take a course in green building and environmentally friendly design is a personal decision. Taking a look at buildings in the area in which you live is a good first step, as is buying a book on green building or sustainable building, or talking to any friends who work as architects.
Getting a basic understanding of what makes a building or the materials it is made from green is the first step. It is a good idea to develop some basic architectural and perhaps some construction knowledge before embarking on a long course of study.

Most architectural degrees in the Kenya are 6 years: most university courses will have a green building component within them. It is usually preferable for individuals to take short sample courses or workshops before committing to a long period of study.

Workshops, both short term and of medium length, in green building design and techniques, are proliferating across the Kenya to meet the rise in interest. These workshops take place in community colleges, community centres, farms, and specialised design practices. Good places to learn about such workshops and courses are in local libraries, in newspapers, or on the Internet.

What Makes Design Environmental ?

A good course for serious students of green and sustainable building will look at all elements of design and construction – from the initial appraisal of a clients needs, to an analysis of the potential building site and its surrounding area, through to sustainable and renewable building materials, right through to the latest green technologies, such as water saving devices and renewable energy sources, such as wind or solar power.
There is much to consider in the process, both at the discussion and design stage, and later at the construction stage, so serious students of this discipline should take time to research the marketplace and their options before committing to a course and a career in this field.

Check that the tutor or team of tutors have qualifications and experience in this field before committing. Ask to see a course prospectus before paying any deposit. Courses in this specialised field that actually take students to visit green buildings are crucial: a hands on approach to green building is needed from the start, and inspecting a so-called green building, or a building that is sustainable, is more valuable that reading about it or seeing an audio-visual presentation.

ECO FRIENDLY CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS

There is an urgent need to address the great challenges of our times: climate change, resource depletion, pollution, and peak oil. These issues are all accelerating rapidly, and all have strong links with the building industry.

There is a growing consensus from scientists and the oil industry that we are going to reach peak oil in the next twenty years, and that we might have reached this point already. Global demand is soaring, whilst global production is declining, and oil is set to become increasingly expensive and scarce. The building industry is hugely dependent on cheap oil, from the manufacture and transportation of its materials, to the machinery and tools used in demolition and construction. In the UK, it uses vast quantities of fossil fuels, accounting for over half of total carbon emissions that lead to climate change. The built environment is also responsible for significant amounts of air, soil and water pollution, and millions of tonnes of landfill waste. This is a situation that clearly needs to change.

Reducing Energy Consumption

With the inevitability of declining fossil fuels, and the threat of global climate change, reducing our energy consumption is an essential survival strategy. Choosing to build green saves energy. The low embodied energy of green products ensures that very little energy went into their manufacture and production, with a direct reduction in carbon emissions. Eco friendly design methodology can further reduce energy consumption by minimising energy inputs for heating, cooling and light, and incorporating energy efficient appliances. Saving energy for the occupant also saves money - an issue that will become increasingly important as the cost of fossil fuels inevitably rises in the near future.

Building Healthier Homes

Eco-friendly construction can not only help to create a better outdoor environment, it can also help to build a healthier indoor environment. Conventional building materials and methods have been linked to a wide range of health problems. Chemical pollutants from paints, solvents, plastics and composite timbers, along with biological pollutants such as dust mites and moulds are known to cause symptoms such as asthma, headaches, depression, eczema, palpitations and chronic fatigue syndrome. Green buildings eliminate these problems through good ventilation design, breathable walls, and the use of natural, non-toxic products and materials.
There are many good reasons why we should use eco-friendly construction methods and materials. It can improve the health of our planet, and the health of our own lives. It also supports local business and helps strengthen the local economy, which in turn helps to build our communities into vibrant, prosperous and desirable places to live.

A Necessary Choice

Green building is not only a wise choice for our future; it is also a necessary choice. The construction industry must adopt eco-friendly practices and materials that reduce its impacts, before we reach a point of irreversible damage to our life supporting systems. The UK Government is beginning to recognise this urgency, and is committed to integrating green specifications into building regulations and codes, but the process of developing policy is slow. The industry needs to take its own initiative and find alternative ways to build, using green, renewable energy resources, and adopt non-polluting practises and materials that reduce, recycle and reuse, before it is too late.

7 Jobs That Sound Like a Joke

We all know the phrase "kazi ni kazi": swahili for -A job is a job, one should not be choosy.
Guys,The bad news is humanity still has no need for an overzealous inspector of female swim garments. The good news, however, is that there are a number of real-life occupations out there with titles equally (if not more) crazy.
Ladies and gents;

1
Unless you are a skydiving lion tamer, chances are your job tends to get tedious from time to time. You might even compare it to “watching grass grow” or more commonly “watching paint dry”. For some folks though, such a comparison is downright insulting, seeing as they have made a career out of observing drying paint.

One such person is Keith Jackson from the UK, who for the last 30 years, has been assessing the time it takes for his company’s paint to dry. By gently touching test area on his work station wall, Mr. Jackson times how long it takes for a paint to stop being wet. It might seem horribly unnecessary, but keep in mind that there are places out there which have to occasionally be painted in record fast time (like subway stations or freeways), and it’s up to Mr. Jackson to see just how his company’s formula is holding up.

This certainly isn’t a career option full of laughter and excitement, but “watching paint dry” must be a fantastic conversation starter.

2.Coconut Safety Engineer

This profession is unfortunately only available in tropical paradises like the Virgin Islands, but luckily it requires very little training or special skills other than the ability to swing a big stick. The job of a coconut safety engineer is to go around to private properties like hotels and resorts and whack their coconut trees until all potentially dangerous nuts fall down.

This is done to protect their guests from falling coconuts (some of which can reach well over 3 pounds in weight) sparing the hotel/resort owners any unnecessary lawsuits. In fact, a falling coconut can do significant damage or even be fatal. The job might not pay that much, and there is no word if a CSE can keep the coconuts he knocks down, but it is a job which concerns itself with the public’s safety, making it quite noble and well worth the effort.
Plus, think of all those “Coconut Safety Engineer” business cards you will get to pass out at parties.

3.Mosquito Gatherer

Malaria, a mosquito transferable disease, is still a huge problem in certain parts of the world, so science is constantly on the job trying to find ways to cure it. In order to do that however, they need mosquito specimens. And that’s when it gets a little weird.

It turns out one of the easiest ways to attract the little disease spreading bloodsuckers is to roll up your sleeves and let them start feasting on the red bloody goodness inside you. That is the job of a mosquito gatherer who turns his own body into an All You Can Eat buffet for mosquitoes. After they latch onto his skin, the mosquito gatherer sucks them up through a straw and deposits the insect vampires into specimen jars for further studies.
The job’s risks include contracting malaria and up to 3000 mosquito bites a day, making it without doubt the suckiest non-prostitution-related profession in the world.

4.Chicken Sexer
This is one of those job titles which could be easily misunderstood, causing less than hilarious mix-ups with certain less than well adjusted individuals. In a sane reality though, a chicken sexer is the person who checks the sex of chicks in poultry sorting facilities.

Today everything is industrialized, even and especially animal farms. What happens there is that a clucking adorable sea of yellow chicks comes down a shaft and onto a conveyor belt or something similar while the factory employees stand around them sorting out the males from the females. The females later go to other farms to lay eggs while any number of things can happen to the males, but most often they get chopped

herer

5.Egg Breaker

You might be thinking – “Egg breaker? Hot dog, I’ve been training for that job all my life!” but sadly professional klutzes have been in very low demand in the last few decades and no one is currently interested in paying you to be clumsy. Actually, the job of the egg breaker is to manually separate the egg whites and yolks in food service industries, additionally keeping an eye out for spoiled eggs.

Modern technology can do wondrous things like send communications from one end of the globe to the other in half a second, but we still need humans to separate our eggs, apparently. This is good news for all of you worrying that your job is going to be taken over by robots in the future. Whatever happens, at least you will always be able to find a job breaking eggs.

6.Butt Wiper

Let’s talk about Sumo wrestling. Have you seen how huge those guys are? Flipping hot heck, some Sumo wrestlers get so big you could stab one in the back and not have the knife reach any internal organs for like a week. This is, of course, one of the many sacrifices these wrestlers have to make to achieve fame and glory in the ring, but their size often comes at a much more terrible price: the inability to wipe.

Indeed, a few Sumo wrestlers tend to get so big they no longer can reach down behind and below them to wipe after using the toilet. Not that long ago, this actually was the job of the “freshman” at the school the Sumo wrestler attended, but since finally discovering the concept of basic human dignity, many Japanese officials banned this practice. But there will always be people willing to do many terrifying things for money.

The professional sumo-butt wipers are of course most often hired as full time nurses but the implications of their future tasks are made quite clear in the interview process. Bizarrely, many still take this job willingly.

7.Fart Smeller

Yes, turns out one of the many names kids used to call you back when you were younger is actually a real thing. Incidentally, “Poop Eater” continues not to be a real thing (at the time of this writing), but someday… who knows?

The Fart Smellers have been first described in 2005 in “Popular Science” concerning an experiment performed by Dr. Michael Levitt. Levitt, a gastroenterologist, paid 2 evidently desperate people an undisclosed amount of money to smell and rate farts from his test subjects, according to their noxiousness. The experiment used gasses collected from 16 healthy volunteer after eating pinto beans and concluded that the worst smelling parts of farts are hydrogen sulfide.

It is at this time that you should consider two things. 1) This experiment actually had a budget. Real money was spent on it; 2) There are starving orphans in Africa. That is all.

How To Register Consultancy Business In Kenya

How To Register Consultancy Business In Kenya????


You will need to come up with a business name suggestions that will require for name search to be performed at Company Registry. This process usually takes up-to 3 working days for the results to be released.

Business Name Registration Form (BN/2)

Once your preferred business name is available, then you will need to prepare the following information that will be used to fill the BN/2 form so it can be submitted to Company Registry for registration.

Nature of Business –
You will need to come up with one specific nature of business e.g. Energy consultant, Food consultancy service, IT consultancy, Research consultancy etc. General words such as “consultant” or “consultancy” alone are not sufficient for Company Registry to proceed to register your business. You will need to avoid things like “General Consultancy” which is popularly used but it will not be approved. Remember, be very specific.

Plot number/Land Reference Number –
For the plot number, please find the electricity bill or water bill of your business premises. If you don’t have a business premises, you can use your home residential plot number/land reference number for registration that’s if you are starting your business from home, but you will need to update the records at Company Registry once you have a Business Premises.
Postal Address – If you don’t have one, you can register your very own postal office box for Ksh. 2,500 at the nearest Postal Office or ask a family or friend to allow you to use their P.O. Box temporary for the application then later on update your registration certificate once you acquire your own P.O. Box Address.
Street Name/Road
Town/City
Address of any other place of business – Only applicable to businesses that are currently operating business in other counties or have other branches under the same business name.
Full names – Make sure the full names you submit must match your ID/Passport in order to avoid challenges later on when you want to open your business bank account. Any person who has changed his/her name must give all former names, unless the change occurred before he/she attained the age of two years. Avoid using abbreviation for your middle name if you have one. For example names like Enock K. Kiprono is not allowed, instead it should be Enock Kipkolele Kiprono. This will save your time and money during the registration process.
Age – Make sure you give your correct age based on your ID/Passport
Gender – Male (M) or Female (F).
Nationality – You will require to enter your nationality as indicated on your identification e.g. Kenyan, German, British, American, Chinese, South African etc.
Usual Place of Residence – Where you currently reside e.g. Nairobi, Nakuru, Kisumu, London, Paris, Hong Kong etc.
Other Business Occupation – You will need to enter your occupation e.g. engineer, farmer, hair stylist, web designer etc. If you don’t have one you can simply write either “Businessman” or “Businesswoman”.

Duration
Once your BN/2 form and proof of identity documentation have been submitted to Company Registry, you will need to pay for the registration cost. The registration process will take 1 working day for Company Registry to process your Business Registration Certificate. Please note that this is subject to Company Registry workload & working hours.

What’s Next After Registration

KRA PIN – if you are register a sole proprietor business, you can use your personal KRA PIN to act as your Business KRA PIN. However, if you are charging VAT to your customers, then you will need to enable the VAT Tax obligation on your personal KRA PIN.
Business Bank Account – you will need open a bank account for your business in order to receive payment from your customers.
Business Permit – allows you to trade your business in the counties. Cost varies depending on the size of the business. It takes 1 day to acquire a business permit in Nairobi County.
AGPO Certificate – if you are interested in registering for Government Tenders, then you must acquire AGPO Certificate.
Company Profile
Logo Design
Business Card Design
Domain Name & Web Hosting – you will need to create professional email accounts to use for your business e.g. info@companyname.com or info@companyname.co.ke

PRICE LISTS, ESTIMATES, QUOTATIONS AND TENDERS

Every business has to give its customers prices for its products or services. There are several ways you can do this.

Many businesses, such as hairdressers, use a standardised price list that remains the same for every customer. Other businesses, such as painters and decorators, have to provide tailored prices for the specific products or services a customer wants to buy. This is usually done with an estimate or a quotation. Larger, more complicated projects are often priced on the basis of a detailed tender document drawn up by the customer.

This guide outlines how to present your prices to your customers. It tells you how to create a price list, describes the difference between a quotation and an estimate, details how to prepare quotations and estimates and describes how to price a tender for a contract.

Prepare a price list

The difference between a quotation and an estimate
Prepare a written estimate
Prepare a written quotation
Prepare a price for a tender
Win contracts at the right price

PREPARE A PRICE LIST

Most businesses will need to draw up a price list at some stage. If you sell a fixed range of products, this may be the only form of pricing you need. This type of standard price list can also be used as the basis for pricing your non-standard orders.

It's a good idea to date your price lists - particularly if your customer is likely to keep it for a long time. You should make it clear when any special offers expire. It can also be useful to include a clause at the end of the price list stating that prices are subject to change.

You should make clear whether any delivery, packing or postage costs are included in your prices. Additionally, although you don't have to indicate discounts for bulk purchases on your price list, it might attract more business.

You may be able to use software packages such as Sage Simply Accounting to help you draw up complex price lists.

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A QUOTATION AND AN ESTIMATE

It's impossible for some businesses to give standard prices for goods and services. This may be because the skills, time and materials required for each job vary depending on different customers' needs.

This situation is more common in some trades than others - decorators or builders, for example, rarely do exactly the same job twice. When it's not possible to work from a standard price list, you have to give a quotation or an estimate instead.

A quotation is a fixed price offer that can't be changed once accepted by the customer. This holds true even if you have to carry out much more work than you expected.

If you think this is likely to happen, it makes more sense to give an estimate. You can also specify in the quotation precisely what it covers, and that variations outside of this will be subject to additional charges.

An estimate is an educated guess at what a job may cost - but it isn't binding. To take account of possible unforeseen developments, you should provide several estimates based on various circumstances, including the worst-case scenario. This will prevent your customer from being surprised by the costs.

To work out a quote or estimate you need to know your fixed and variable costs. These include the cost-per-hour of manual labour and the cost of the materials you'll require. Your quote or estimate is then calculated according to what you think the job will involve.

You should provide all your quotes and estimates in writing and include a detailed breakdown. This will help to avoid any disputes about what work is included in your overall price.

You may also wish to set an expiry date. Your quote or estimate will no longer be valid after this time.

PREPARE A WRITTEN ESTIMATE

When you prepare an estimate it's good practice to give the customer a written copy, including a full breakdown of costs.

Your estimate should include the:

overall price
breakdown, listing the components of the price
schedule, detailing when work will be done or products delivered
terms and conditions
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TENDER FOR A CONTRACT

Submitting a tender is common for businesses supplying goods or services to other businesses or the public sector.

At a basic level you expect to quote for a job or write a letter saying why you should be given the business.

But more formal tenders often apply to bigger jobs or for supply contracts spread over time. Public-sector work in particular has specific tendering processes. This applies to customers ranging from your local government or hospital to a central government department.

Even if you don't win the work this time, writing a tender can clarify your aims, strengths and weaknesses and you can learn for next time by asking for feedback on your bid. It raises your profile with the customer and helps you learn about customers' needs.

This guide explains how to identify potential contracts, what to include in your tender and how to write it for the best chance of success.

-Finding out about contracts
-Should you bid for a tender?
-Find out what the client wants
-What to put in your tender
-Writing your tender
-Tips on editing your tender

FINDING OUT ABOUT CONTRACTS

You can find out about private-sector contracts through:

-building contacts with potential customers
-advertisements in local and national newspapers
-advertisements in trade and professional magazines covering your area of business
-researching contracts outside your business sector which may produce -      secondary contracts for you, e.g. if a new office block is built, it will need desks, carpets, signage, stationery, cleaning and laundry
-following up press and other reports - a company may be expanding or subcontracting part of a big order
-networking and picking up information from other businesses


You can identify public-sector contracts by:

-following up contract notices published in newspapers and trade magazines
-monitoring online government tender notices. See Selling to Governments on the kenya gazatte.


SHOULD YOU BID FOR A TENDER?

Preparing tenders can help you to win big orders, but it can also be time-consuming, cost money and tie up valuable resources. If you don't get the contract, the money and time spent is usually lost, so you need to carefully weigh up whether or not a tender is worth bidding for.

Key points to consider

Get hold of the bid documents and analyse them.
Make sure you can match the technical, skill and experience requirements.
How much will it cost to prepare your bid?
Would the work fit in with your strategy and positioning of your business?
Estimate the costs of fulfilling the contract and whether or not you'd make enough money to justify it.
Assess how the contract would affect your other work, staffing and ability to take on other new business.
You also need to consider how important the customer is to your business. Is this a good potential client or one you don't want to offend by not tendering? Try to understand things from the client's point of view.



FIND OUT WHAT THE CLIENT WANTS
In order to gain a clearer understanding of a potential client's requirements, see if you can arrange a meeting or have a telephone conversation with them, before you start work on the tender. You should always raise questions by phone or email if tender documents are unclear - on anything from deadlines to how you'd get paid.

Make sure the client is serious, and that you're not there to make up the numbers or to test the market. Sometimes customers may just be fishing for ideas they'll then use for themselves. You can prevent this from happening by requesting customers to sign a non-disclosure agreement before presenting your tender. But don't forget many clients genuinely want you to make a creative contribution and provide ideas.


WHAT TO PUT IN YOUR TENDER
Make sure you match the bid

Company Details.

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Include photo gallary of various projects done or in doing.

The Tallest Bridge

There are so many Guinness records for the tallest entities  such as tallest man,tallest woman,tallest building etc.

when it comes to bridges which one will line up with the tallest tag

The world tallest  Bridge is 'Millau Viaduct' which is a part of the A75 road that links the Paris with Barcelona, France.




The bridge is 343 meters high and its highest point is more higher than the Eiffel Tower as well.

The total Cost of the project was AUD $ 525 million.

This project has the most highest bridge piers in the world. Above picture shows the constriction of such a pier.

This cable stay bridge has a total length of 2.5km and it crosses the Tarn River.

Jokes Only Engineers Will Understand

Engineers Don’t Have A Sense Of Humor?

31/10/2014

1. Normal people believe that if it ain't broke, don't fix it.

Engineers believe that if it ain't broke, it doesn't have enough features yet.


2. To the optimist, the glass is half-full.
To the pessimist, the glass is half-empty.
To the engineer, the glass is twice as big as it needs to be.

3. A priest, a doctor, and an engineer were waiting one morning for a particularly slow group of golfers. The engineer fumed, "What's with those guys? We must have been waiting for fifteen minutes!"
The doctor chimed in, "I don't know, but I've never seen such inept golf!"
The priest said, "Here comes the green-keeper. Let's have a word with him."
He said, "Hello George, what's wrong with that group ahead of us? They're rather slow, aren't they?"
The green-keeper replied, "Oh, yes. That's a group of blind firemen. They lost their sight saving our clubhouse from a fire last year, so we always let them play for free anytime."
The group fell silent for a moment.
The priest said, "That's so sad. I think I will say a special prayer for them tonight."
The doctor said, "Good idea. I'm going to contact my ophthalmologist colleague and see if there's anything he can do for them."
The engineer said, "Why can't they play at night?"

4. What is the difference between mechanical engineers and civil engineers?
Mechanical engineers build weapons. Civil engineers build targets.

5. The graduate with a science degree asks, "Why does it work?"
The graduate with an engineering degree asks, "How does it work?"
The graduate with an accounting degree asks, "How much will it cost?"
The graduate with an arts degree asks, "Do you want fries with that?"

6. Three engineering students were gathered together discussing who must have designed the human body.
One said, "It was a mechanical engineer. Just look at all the joints."
Another said, "No, it was an electrical engineer. The nervous system has many thousands of electrical connections."
The last one said, "No, actually it had to have been a civil engineer. Who else would run a toxic waste pipeline through a recreational area?"

7. Knock knock. Who's there? Interrupting coefficient of friction. Interrupting coefficient of fri.... mmmuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu (μ)

8. Two engineering students were walking across a university campus when one said, "Where did you get such a great bike?"
The second engineer replied, "Well, I was walking along yesterday, minding my own business, when a beautiful woman rode up on this bike, threw it to the ground, took off all her clothes and said, "Take what you want."
The first engineer nodded approvingly and said, "Good choice; the clothes probably wouldn't have fit you anyway."


9. An engineer was crossing a road one day, when a frog called out to him and said, "If you kiss me, I'll turn into a beautiful princess." He bent over, picked up the frog and put it in his pocket.
The frog then cried out, "If you kiss me and turn me back into a princess, I'll stay with you for one week and do ANYTHING you want."
Again, the engineer took the frog out, smiled at it and put it back into his pocket.
Finally, the frog asked, "What is the matter? I've told you I'm a beautiful princess and that I'll stay with you for one week and do anything you want. Why won't you kiss me?"
The engineer said, "Look, I'm an engineer. I don't have time for a girlfriend, but a talking frog, now that's cool."

10. A wife asks her husband, a software engineer...
"Could you please go shopping for me and buy one carton of milk, and if they have eggs, get 6!" A short time later the husband comes back with 6 cartons of milk. The wife asks him, "Why the hell did you buy 6 cartons of milk?" He replied, "They had eggs."

National Construction Authority Registration Regulations-Kenya

The National Construction Authority (NCA), which was constituted under the Act No. 41 of 2011, is mandated to register contractors and to prepare a new register of builders cleared to work in Kenya.

This is a move aimed at weeding out rogue contractors and reduce the amount of malpractices that has seen buildings collapsing and many key state projects being delayed.

NCA provides the legal and regulatory requirements for registration as a contractor. These include:

1.) Qualification – To be eligible for registration as a contractor, a firm must hold a certificate of incorporation from the Registrar of Companies either as a limited liability company, partnership or sole proprietorship.

At least one of the technical directors must have the minimum technical qualification, skills and experience in a construction related field and all the directors must submit their curriculum vitae to the NCA.

The applicant must show tax compliance by providing the Authority with a valid PIN, VAT and Income Tax compliance certificates. They must also produce evidence of an existing bank account bearing the name of the construction firm.

Foreign contractors are issued with a clearance certificate that remains valid for only a specific period. They are required to satisfy the NCA that they are in the country for only that specific project. The firms are required to lodge an affidavit with the Authority that they shall not carry out any other construction project in Kenya once they complete the project for which they have been cleared.

Foreign firms should also submit a commitment to transfer technical skills not available locally to locals as the NCA may determine from time to time.

Upon successful application, the contractor is issued with a ‘Certificate of Registration'

2.) Classification of Contractors

According to the NCA rules and regulations, a contractor may be registered for more that one class of construction works but may hold only one category of registration in relation to a particular class of construction works at any one given time.

These classes include:

NCA1 – unlimited contract value [Contractors – Building], unlimited contract value [Specialist Contractors], unlimited contract value [Roads and other Civil Works].

NCA2 – Up to 500,000,000 [Contractors – Building], Up to 250,000,000 [Specialist Contractors], Up to 750,000,000 [Roads and other Civil Works].

NCA3 – Up to 300,000,000 [Contractors – Building], Up to 150,000,000 [Specialist Contractors], Up to 500,000,000 [Roads and other Civil Works].

NCA4 – Up to 200,000,000 [Contractors – Building], Up to 100,000,000 [Specialist Contractors], Up to 300,000,000 [Roads and other Civil Works].

NCA5 – Up to 100,000,000 [Contractors – Building], Up to 50,000,000 [Specialist Contractors], Up to 200,000,000 [Roads and other Civil Works].

NCA6 – Up to 50,000,000 [Contractors – Building], Up to 20,000,000 [Specialist Contractors], Up to 100,000,000 [Roads and other Civil Works].

NCA7– Up to 20,000,000 [Contractors – Building], Up to 10,000,000 [Specialist Contractors], Up to 50,000,000 [Roads and other Civil Works].

Local contractors are required to pay registration fees of between Sh10,000 and Sh50,000 depending on their category, while annual practice license renewal costs between Sh5,000 and Sh10,000.

On the other hand, foreign contractors pay a registration fee of Sh100,000 and are restricted to categories of tenders they win. Foreign contractors applying for temporary registration are required to commit to sub-contract “not less than 30 per cent of the value” to local contractors.

Under new regulations that seek to protect local contractors from being driven out of business by global firms, foreign contractors will not be cleared to carry out work below NCA1 category.

Engineering Fails That Make You Wonder How These Engineers Received a Degree.

Civil engineers, construction workers, and designers allow us to marvel at grandiose buildings, bridges, and overall structures that we never would have been thought possible to build. It takes years of studies, dedication and structural design to become a civil engineer, for example, and they're highly respected, rightfully so. However, there are always a few that fall through the cracks and who fail miserably at their job. As long as no one gets hurt (which I don't think anyone has), these images of construction and building blunders will make you laugh.

1. Stairway to nowhere

2. For those of you with half a bum cheek, lol

3. Almoooooost theeeeeeeere

4. Perfect for a vampire

 

5. W ater and electricity: great match.

 

6. Thomas the Train that couldn't

7. Pointless

8. That cannot be safe for anybody

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